[28] This development may take the form of improvised solos, written solo sections, and "shout choruses". While the trumpet is commonly featured in a swing band, a saxophone is also often used to enhance melodies. - a jazz choir (with or without instrumental accompaniment): Jazz combos often feature virtuoso performers, on Swing is sandwiched between two huge historical events. She recorded with various jazz orchestras, including her own (Long Gone Blues, 1939) and those led by Benny Goodman (Your Mothers Son-in-Law, 1933) and Teddy Wilson (Sugar, 1939). Lead players (alto sax 1, trombone 1 and trumpet 1) should be in the middle of their sections, in a direct line with one another. [6] The legendary Paul Whiteman also featured a solo accordion in his ensemble. This was in part due to a political organization called the Pendergast Machine which encouraged a nightclub atmosphere. The focus shifted away from the arranger and toward the improvising performer. When new arrangements are written, they are usually in the same style as the original band. This exact format is employed today by the many high school and college jazz ensembles around the country as well as overseas. As jazz was expanded during the 1950s through the 1970s, the Basie and Ellington bands were still around, as were bands led by Buddy Rich, Gene Krupa, Lionel Hampton, Earl Hines, Les Brown, Clark Terry, and Doc Severinsen. The following sentences describe the life of the author Isabel Allende. bWkwf>JW'wJj_]6/?NxP]-0_wg"2;WjbuY5sujr7g/sueG>trp~ZBV7]M(//m!o/f[^fb]x>f]aX?UnAW|ng)]s? Many bands toured the country in grueling one-night stands. Trumpets feature a hollow brass tube that is doubles back on itself twice. Arrangers notated specific notes for each instrument to play in every measure on a written score. The swing era followed boogie-woogie. It began as an intensified rhythmic outgrowth of the black Rhythm & When the tradition came back full-circle into vocal jazz with a KC Jazz marked the transition from the heavily structured, arranged and written out Big Band style of Swing to the more fluid and improvisation style of Bebop. However, some of the major artists, such as Ellington and Basie, provided much of the music for their orchestras themselves. While drum sets are typically used for this important task in swing music, single drums can also do the trick if theyre played with precision. Air blown into the tube of the saxophone reverberates as it hits the brass tubing. "Stachmo") is arguably the most influential performer in the history "[34][35] Head arrangements were more common during the period of the 1930s because there was less turnover in personnel, giving the band members more time to rehearse. A large string instrument with an extremely low pitch, the Double Bass is a staple of most swing bands. [31] A head arrangement is a piece of music that is formed by band members during rehearsal. The music business suffered during the Great Depression. of American jazz. The term "big band" is also used to describe a genre of music, although this was not the . and His Mother Called Him Bill, featured "Blood Count" and "Lotus Blossom," was a tribute album to . The repertoire of swing bands featured both jazz and popular arrangements. But on performance day, this band of Lab rats replaces the high-tech gizmos with trumpets, saxophones, trombones, drums and a piano. the jukebox The popular appeal of Benny Goodman's Trio and Quartet had a good deal to do with the extroverted energy of Lionel Hampton and Gene Krupa progression and the same number of measures/beats, but it may be applied to This is where one section (say, the brass section, i.e., trumpets and trombones) would play a musical phrase and then be "answered" by another section (say, the saxes); the first phrase is the call, the answer is the response (like a musical conversation). Big Bands evolved with the times and continue to this day. Orchestra. Most swing was performed by Big Bands, which were literally big bands, divided into trumpets, saxophones, trombones, and a rhythm section consisting mostly of drums, bass, guitar, and piano. The Cotton Club, Harlem, New York City, early 1930s. [51] Fictionalized biographical films of Glenn Miller, Gene Krupa, and Benny Goodman were made in the 1950s. "big band" backup, the most famous example, The Boogie-Woogie Bugle Boy from It was mostly performed by Big Bands, which were large orchestras divided into trumpets, saxophones, trombones, and a rhythm section (which consisted of the drums, bass, guitar and piano). Latin-based rock idiom). Ornette Coleman in the 1960s. The looser compositional forms encouraged contributions from the players. And after years of economic depression, many Americans wanted to have fun. Dance bands had made phonograph records since the days of ragtime. premiered George GERSHWIN's Rhapsody in Blue and kicked off an below to see YouTube performance clips), - here to see a YouTube video on "swing" groove vs. other types of They used their voices as instruments to demonstrate their command of scat singing. black jazz musicians developed an intense Big bands maintained a presence on American television, particularly through the late-night talk show, which has historically used big bands as house accompaniment. In the early 1970s, Miles Davis began exploring Yes drums are like the Roux or Fil in Gumbo. And they played a particular type of Swing in Kansas City known as: Kansas City Jazz. Blues tradition, then became popular with white listeners during the World War A versatile instrument, the saxophone is swing musics version of the Holy Trinity (celery, bell peppers and onions) used in Gumbo. (1937). He was also one In the 1970s, popular fusion groups included BLOOD, SWEAT & TEARS, CHICAGO, and SANTANA basic chord progression of a 12-bar blues in the key of "C". Explain your opinion in a book review. black jazz musicians developed an. Radio increased the fame of Benny Goodman, the "Pied Piper of Swing". Ella Fitzgerald, the featured vocalist of Chick Webbs Orchestra during the late 1930s, is considered to be one of the most outstanding singers of the swing era. [24] In many cases, however, the distinction between these roles can become blurred. Orleans musicians begin to consolidate the drum section (bass, snare, cymbals) commonly found in early New Orleans brass bands. And they played dance music. grooves), - performers such Louis ARMSTRONG completed the transition from New York: Oxford University Press, 1991. a hint of improvisationthe scores are completely written out Swing was hugely popular - in fact, it was the pop music of the 1930's. It was mostly performed by Big Bands, which were large orchestras divided into trumpets, saxophones, trombones, and a rhythm section (which consisted of the drums, bass, guitar and piano). such works incorporate certain elements of the jazz tradition, there is not even (of the Dave Brubeck Quartet that also featured alto saxophonist Paul DESMOND), White teenagers and young adults were the principal fans of the big bands in the late 1930s and early 1940s. here to see a YouTube clip on jazz improvisation, click here to see animated (, : This can be best described as "composing and CROSBY, Frank SINATRA, and Doris DAY, who blossomed as featured vocalists with prominent bands Gioia, Ted. Performers played, sang, danced, and presented shows and stand-up comedy in these large entertainment venues. African American big band arrangers such as Fletcher Henderson and Eddie Durham were major contributors to the success of white bandleaders such as Benny Goodman, Artie Shaw, and Glen Miller. Big bands started as accompaniment for dancing. This type of music flourished through the early 1930s, although there was little mass audience for it until around 1936. Billie Holiday is considered to be the most influential of the jazz singers of the century after Louis Armstrong, who influenced her style. (London: Paladin) 1987. Sweet Swing (people like Glenn Miller) had less improvisation, was a bit slower, restrained with a slight swing feel, and was for the white upper class dinner parties. who specialized in less improvised tunes with more emphasis on sentimentality, featuring somewhat slower-paced, often heart-felt songs.[43]. Byron Almen, Dorothy Payne, Stefan Kostka. Cool Jazz The rhythm section of the Benny Goodman Trio and Quartet excluded which instrument? NY: Penguin Books:1977. As in midwestern cities, African American migrants transformed New York City in the first half of the 20th century. At these venues, which themselves gained notoriety, bandleaders and arrangers played a greater role than they had before. During the 1920s, Kansas City, Oklahoma City, and Dallas were vital crossroads resulting in a mix of musical styles and cultures. Fueled by the non-stop nightlife under political boss Tom Pendergast, Kansas City jam sessions went on well beyond sunrise, fostering a highly competitive atmosphere and a unique music culture, attracting many bands from the Southwest known as territory bands, such as Bennie Motens orchestra and the Oklahoma City Blue Devils. Many musicians served in the military and toured with USO troupes at the front, with Glenn Miller losing his life while traveling between shows. Henderson and arranger Don Redman followed the template of King Oliver, but as the 1920s progressed they moved away from the New Orleans format and transformed jazz. Paul Whiteman (18901967), called the King of Jazz, sought after talented top names for his band like Bing Crosby, Bix Beiderbecke, and Jimmy and Tommy Dorsey. African American theaters and night clubs, the Apollo, the Savoy, and the Lafayette, became legendary for presenting jazz combos and orchestras. Benny GOODMAN (1909-1986): Sing, Sing, Sing! The score indicated a fixed number of measures for solo improvisation and also musical notations with the desired sounds and effects. - Check them out, though Im sure you would already recognise many of them. - trombones The invention of ______ helped the record industry to recover in the mid-1930s. "12 2 3 4", then start the Big Bands began to appear in movies in the 1930s through the 1960s, though cameos by bandleaders were often stiff and incidental to the plot.Shep Fields appeared with his Rippling Rhythm Orchestra in a playful and integrated animated performance of "This Little Ripple Had Rhythm" in the musical extravaganza The Big Broadcast of 1938. harmony. Louis Armstrong was the first to establish vocals as a part of an instrumental tradition. Armstrong (nicknamed endstream endobj startxref It was all about showmanship which is epitomised by people like Cab Calloway and Fats Waller. - Jazz vocalists during this era were highly influenced by horn players. To produce memorable swing music entertainment, you need a solid base, some leading ingredients and some harmonic elements. leaders in America. Fletcher Henderson, Duke Ellington, and Jimmie Lunceford each led orchestras that achieved international standing. Pianist and vocalist Sarah Vaughan also influenced many singers. "Fusion" in its strictest trombonist Glenn MILLER incorporated 1930s, jazz expanded into a "Big Band" phenomenon with Duke Ellington [19], It is useful to distinguish between the roles of composer, arranger and leader. All the big bands would go up there. The Henderson band is considerably larger than most syncopated dance bands of the 1920s (eight or nine musicians). baritone saxophone. So generally the pianist played very rhythmically, and helped keep the beat. The stage was set up with five saxophones, two altos, two tenors, and one baritone, stage front left with four trombones directly behind them, and three trumpets at the back, the electric guitar was in center stage with . "Duke" ELLINGTON I am Joaqun/Yo Soy Joaqun was first published in 1967. Music is My Mistress. Q G("CH^T)daA]yg~zN^y>.g~01D%>7dj.|K+8'9 q*U!i|O1#"v\YOGtc_GD1JL. Vocalists began to strike out on their own. The trumpeter blows on the mouthpiece at one end of the trumpet with closed lips, and the sound wave reverberates through the tube until it exits out the widened far end of the instrument. intricate fast rhythms and tremendous Mary Lou Williams (19101981) was the first woman in jazz history to compose and arrange for a large jazz band. initiated by a 4-measure lead-in improvised over a "C" chord Goodmans band was the first to integrate black and white musicians. Many arrangements contain an interlude, often similar in content to the introduction, inserted between some or all choruses. The swing era is thought to be the best time to consider big band music as a concept for music fans. for hits such as Take the A Train, and Satin Doll, as well as colorful and Beginning in the mid-1920s, big bands, then typically consisting of 10-25 pieces, came to dominate popular music. The moral? Swing music was performed by a larger ensemble consisting of saxophones (sometimes also clarinets), trumpets, and trombones. (who are noted for their blending of Afro-Cuban jazz elements within a alto saxophone. "Call and Response" was a common musical device. the late 1930s through the 1950s, Duke Ellington was one of the premier swing band Swing was almost entirely commercial and part of the mass entertainment industry. Ellington, Duke Kennedy. A unique feature of this style was the use of riffs performed as call and response between woodwinds and brass as an integral part of the arrangement heard in Bennie Motens Moten Swing (1932) and Count Basies One OClock Jump (1937). Swing is a term often used in reference to large dance bands of 15 or more musicians that played written arrangements using improvised sections alternating with arranged passages by brass and/or reeds. Jam Blues features a 12-bar blues pattern with each subsequent varied chorus sense means to merge styles together. But Chick Webbs band would cut them., The one radio voice that I listened to above others belonged to Ella Fitzgerald. The Great Depression, which started with the stock market crash in 1929, and WWII which ended in 1945. Above all else, Swing music is dance music which means it was: This also meant it was incredibly commercial. [21] Bandleaders are typically performers who assemble musicians to form an ensemble of various sizes, select or create material for them, shape the musics dynamics, phrasing, and expression in rehearsals, and lead the group in performance often while playing alongside them. Jazz elements into his famous musical, - The ANDREWS SISTERS: The Boogie-Woogie Bugle Boy completely abandoned the song's melody, which has made this style less Carnegie Hall in New York City presented Benny Goodman jazz concerts for the first time in 1938. That makes them the shrimp or Andouille sausage in the Gumbo that is swing music. While bassists can use a bow to vibrate the strings, swing band bassists will frequently pluck the strings instead. Concert BERNSTEIN also incorporated Cool endstream endobj 1558 0 obj <>stream The "white" bands of Benny Goodman, Artie Shaw, Tommy Dorsey, Shep Fields and, later, Glenn Miller were more popular than their "black" counterparts from the middle of the decade. Drummer Chick Webb (19091939) was admired for his forceful sense of swing, accurate technique, control of dynamics, and use of breaks and fills. emerged as piano was added to the rhythm section, and a stronger driving rhythm The embellishments gradually became more adventurous, but they were generally always played with the melody in mind. Ra's eclectic music was played by a roster of musicians from ten to thirty and was presented as theater, with costumes, dancers, and special effects.[1]. Professor Daniels book publications include Lester Leaps In: The Life and Times of Lester Pres Young (Beacon, 2002); Pioneer Urbanites: A Social and Cultural History of Black San Francisco; and One Oclock Jump: The Unforgettable History of the Oklahoma City Blue Devils (Beacon Press, 2006). Guitar, Organ, Banjo), - One or more solo The successful bands of the Swing Era featured carefully . [33] During the 1930s, Count Basie's band often used head arrangements, as Basie said, "we just sort of start it off and the others fall in. Swing Shift: All Girl Bands of the 1940s. counting pattern over again for each successive variation of the pattern was introduced with greater emphasis on the soloist. Jazz is America's D. in History from the University of California, Berkeley. Henderson was a pianist and excellent arranger who wrote most of the musical arrangements that helped launch the success of Benny Goodmans orchestra. an important catalyst in the socio-political and artistic transformation of %%EOF Nostalgia for the Big Band style has kept it alive today. Many Kansas City bands featured head arrangements, which were . He toured and recorded many solos with, most notably, the Count Basie band. During the next decades, ballrooms filled with people doing the jitterbug and Lindy Hop. The popularity of many of the major bands was amplified by star vocalists, such as Frank Sinatra with Tommy Dorsey, Helen O'Connell and Bob Eberly with Jimmy Dorsey, Ella Fitzgerald with Chick Webb, Billie Holiday and Jimmy Rushing with Count Basie, Dick Haymes and Helen Forrest with Harry James, Doris Day with Les Brown,[40] and Peggy Lee with Benny Goodman. Company" vocal jazz ensemble performing a the Lincoln Center in New York Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2000. There was a quality to her voice that fascinated me, and Id sing along with her, trying to catch the subtle ways she shaded her voice, the casual yet clean way she sang the words., A lot of singers think all they have to do is exercise their tonsils to get ahead. Kansas City, in particular, became a wide-open town totally ingrained in the entertainment business. He was also a band leader and arranger who traveled throughout Europe and Japan during the 1950s and 1960s. So band leaders used various arrangement techniques to keep the song interesting, such as: Tutti (all horns playing a melodic line in harmony), Soli (one section featured playing a melodic line in harmony), Shout Chorus (climatic tutti section at the end of the arrangement), Riffs (repeated short melodic and/or rhythmic pattern), Call and Response Riffs (often between the horns and the rhythm section), Solos (single person improvising usually behind a relatively simple harmonic background), Swing Music was smooth, easy-listening and simple. These bands had identifiable leaders, such as Glenn Miller and the Dorsey brothers, who placed their individual stamps on their musical arrangements. Stream Jazz" by combining a jazz combo with symphony orchestra. Figure 2: Trumpeter Wynton Marsalis has complex syncopated polyrhythms, (3) expressive "blue" (bent The Dorsey Brothers started with a large-band version of Dixieland featuring singer Bob Crosby who later developed his own band. During the 1960s and '70s, Sun Ra and his Arketstra took big bands further out. "C" Jam Blues (1942). [20] Arrangers frequently notate all or most of the score of a given number, usually referred to as a "chart". He was the recipient of a Fulbright Lecturing/Research Fellowship in Japan, where he taught courses in African American History and researched the history of jazz in Japan. Thats intentional; the individual style of each swing band is what makes the music unique, much as the seasoning used in a particular Gumbo can make it one of a kind. Bridging the gap to white audiences in the mid-1930s was the Casa Loma Orchestra and Benny Goodman's early band. during the World War II years. Unlike the vague term 'orchestra', writing for a big band is a little more specific with regards to the instruments and number of players at your disposal. are described below. Daniels, Douglas. This also contributed to the loose and spontaneous feel of KC Jazz. A distinctly new genre appeared in the late 1930s that to some degree bridged the differences between big band swing and bebop combos, and this was West Indian influenced music. Traveling conditions and lodging were difficult, in part due to segregation in most parts of the United States, and the personnel often had to perform having had little sleep and food. [1], One of the first bands to accompany the new rhythms was led by a drummer, Art Hickman, in San Francisco in 1916. singing" (in which he sings like an instrument on scat As the soloistic improvisations intensified, bebop players such as saxophonist Charlie "Bird" PARKER often Their styles are uniquely different, yet both helped shape the definition of the pure jazz singer. The International Sweethearts of Rhythm became known for its strong riffing brass section, heavy percussion, rhythmic sensibility, and dynamic blues playing heard in Jump Children.. In the late 1940s, progressive As a result of the military draft and transportation hardships in the U.S., the swing era ended quickly. basic chord progression of a 12-bar blues in the key of "C": (click here to see animated Samplephonics Soulful Brass Constructions clarinetist Benny GOODMAN and For example, Tommy Dorsey played with a beautiful tone and control on the trombone. Among other popular singers of the era are Sarah Vaughan and Helen Humes. Fletcher Henderson and Don Redman are credited with having created the formula for swing arrangements. Here are the five most common swing band instruments, and how they commonly fit into swing music. By the late 1930s, prosperity was returning, and records and radio were extremely helpful in publicizing jazz. listeners to love jazz.. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997. Beacon, 2002. is called the ", The Swing music began appearing in the early 1930s and was distinguished by a more supple feel than the more literal 44 of early jazz. a vocalist with piano or a small backup group. Some listeners feel that all swing bands sound alike but bandleaders wanted to be distinguished. His music uses Eastern rhythms, meters, and advanced rhythmic techniques. And because of this, Swing had a greater emphasis on written-out composition and arrangements. Starting in the early 1900s, various jazz and traditions have Swing was hugely popular in fact, it was the pop music of the 1930s. Rhythm Section: (click here to see a YouTube The Big band swing was at the forefront of jazz and underwent its most concentrated growth and development from 1930 . To learn more about the book this website supports, please visit its, You must be a registered user to view the. Lester Young & Herschel Evans. ways. His famous recording Body and Soul, recorded in 1939, is known for its continuous smooth sound. Her version of the nursery rhyme A-Tisket, A-Tasket (1938) brought her international fame. Then circle the object of the preposition. highly-improvisatory new style of jazz called "Bebop" was developed !/$v}5cliH_+B9W#PBY]C ::B) Bandleaders dealt with these obstacles through rigid discipline (Glenn Miller) and canny psychology (Duke Ellington). He toured in many parts of the world and was also commissioned to record classical compositions. This approach was then further expanded upon by Bebop, which largely abandoned the original melody of the song to create brand new melodies based on an established chord progression this was known as a contrafact. In the 1940s, an intensely virtuosic and Other swing bands in New York City and beyond incorporated the defining elements associated with the Kansas City tradition to which they added their own stamp, as did Chick Webb and His Orchestra (Stomping at the Savoy, 1934), and Lionel Hampton and His Orchestra (Flying Home, 1942). This pattern reinforced the second and fourth beat of every measure and later became known as a back beat. Additionally, the drummer accommodated the improvisations of soloists, providing a non-intrusive, laid-back swing pattern. premiered. The term "big band" is also used to describe a genre of music, although this was not the only style of music played by big bands. The saxophone features a curved reed mouthpiece and a long brass tube that gradually expands before doubling back and bellowing outwards. In the 1950s, a smooth style of "West In the early years of Jazz, and up until the Swing Era, the piano was still very much rooted in the rhythm section of the band. After 1935, big bands rose to prominence playing swing music and held a major role in defining swing as a distinctive style. Another interesting and important development happened with Swing improvisation. Many of the better known bands reflected the individuality of the bandleader, the lead arranger, and the personnel. by Charlie Parker and Dizzy Gillespie. Swing as popular music usually had vocals, such as Glenn Miller's "Chattanooga Choo-Choo," and was intended for dancing. Boyd Raeburn drew from symphony orchestras by adding flute, French horn, strings, and timpani to his band. 20th-century popular music and culture. In 1925, bandleader Paul Whiteman West Side Story. the following instruments: The In the 1950s, Stan Kenton referred to his band's music as "progressive jazz", "modern", and "new music". Count Basie became an Oklahoma City Blue Devil around 1929 and also played with Bennie Moten. [4] While most big bands dropped the previously common jazz clarinet from their arrangements (other than the clarinet-led orchestras of Artie Shaw and Benny Goodman), many Duke Ellington songs had clarinet parts,[5] often replacing or doubling one of the tenor saxophone parts; more rarely, Ellington would substitute baritone sax for bass clarinet, such as in "Ase's Death" from Swinging Suites. "call" and a group does some type of "response"), (2) it [26], Typical big band arrangements from the swing era were written in strophic form with the same phrase and chord structure repeated several times. Hickman's arranger, Ferde Grof, wrote arrangements in which he divided the jazz orchestra into sections that combined in various ways. Duke Ellingtons swing arrangements featured unusual timbres and capitalized on the unique style of each individual player, as illustrated in Echoes of Harlem (1936) and Take the A Train (1941). Perhaps it started with the habanera in Mortons early compositions, and in the bridge of W. C. Handys St. of the United States between 1920 and 1970. sprouted up in different parts of the United States, and their uniquely This intermingling of sections became a defining characteristic of big bands. jw7(W3;TEd5SOBmlyb./hh IOQ,+B}I\fT-q\ dJ(0!GF>B)- |0~J;:AC*: Y3[.(&=>:UU5aH@ZLLEc))3c.mcX=ia&1cy]aE~9CB7L_ Short, repeated refrains or phrases, or riffs, are common in jazz. "walking bass" accompaniment, - Harmony (5) tromboneJoe Nanton, and (6) clarinetBarney Bigard. Benny Goodman (19091986) was a superior clarinetist who began appearing on stage by the age of twelve. Choose the vocabulary word that answers each riddle. Playing multiple riffs playing at once as a kind of call and response. The successful bands of the Swing Era featured carefully composed arrangements that held many talented players together. trombone. The group emphasized correct technique and accurate playing and released its first recording in 1930. "8-to-the-bar" rhythmic structure: (LONG-short-LONG-short-LONG-short-LONG-short), 1 2 How relevant do you believe the poem is today? These smaller groups would play during intermissions of the larger band. Fletcher Henderson (18971952) is credited with creating the pattern for swing arrangements. more traditional instruments such as horn, cello, flute and oboe. Since he could not read music, Webb memorized the arrangements. has undergone several stylisdtic transformations, the most significant of which Three bypass valves over the tube can be used to lower the pitch of the trumpet. hb```. @1&$3.YTyfx.=**hE+f|5SSz/=n/ 3. Swing bands featured a large ensemble of woodwinds (saxophones, clarinets), brass (trumpets, trombones) and a back-up accompaniment (acoustic bass with piano and/or guitar). Two other musical characteristics of swing bands are a return to the use of a flat-four rhythm and the use of block chords (chords with many notes moving in parallel motion). One Oclock Jump: The Unforgettable History of the Oklahoma City Blue Devils. [48][49][50] Big band remotes on the major radio networks spread the music from ballrooms and clubs across the country during the 1930s and 1940s, with remote broadcasts from jazz clubs continuing into the 1950s on NBC's Monitor. [30], Some big ensembles, like King Oliver's, played music that was half-arranged, half-improvised, often relying on head arrangements. Many bands from the swing era continued for decades after the death or departure of their founders and namesakes, and some are still active in the 21st century, often referred to as "ghost bands", a term attributed to Woody Herman, referring to orchestras that persist in the absence of their original leaders. The popularity of their bands in the mainstream reveals the extent to which jazz and blues had become the most popular dance music of the 1930s and 1940s. innovators include pianist Dave BRUBECK Cubans Mario Bauz and Machito (Francisco Ral Gutirrez Grillo), founder of the Afro-Cubans; Puerto Rican Ernesto Antonio Tito Puente with Oye como va; and Afro-Cuban drummer Chano Pozo (Luciano Pozo Gonzlez), famous for playing with and influencing Dizzy Gillespies Manteca, were among the most prominent band leaders and musicians. ragtime It is usually played by big band ensembles that use a rhythm section with drums, bass, sometimes a guitar, and almost always a piano, a brass section of trumpets and trombones, and a reed section of saxophones and clarinets.