On the show, Francis has a tumultuous relationship with his wife, Mary, and their inability to conceive a child is a major source of conflict between them. LS23 6AD -In 1558, Elizabeth the first became queen. Instead, both men preferred to negotiate a settlement. Elizabeth I: a biography. Italian bankers from Genoa had lent Philip II money to fund his campaign in the Netherlands (which was trying to put down the Dutch Revolt). Phillip was warned against this mission but believed he was on a mission from God. This led to a rampage of Spanish soldiers and the sacking of Antwerp. Mary, Queen of Scots cousin (the French Duke of Guise) intended to invade England, free Mary, overthrow Elizabeth and restore Catholicism. France, Spain and Scotland were all Catholic countries in 1558. Stimulus = Anne Boleyn / The threat from France, [Examiner commentary following each paragraph and at the end is provided in italics], ____________________________________________________. By August 1986, Walsingham had gathered enough evidence to dismantle the plot. Elizabeth had also reduced the power of the northern nobles and increased her own control over the north through the Council of the North, which helped govern the area. What made the Auld Alliance stronger at this time was the fact that Mary, Queen of Scots was married to the French Prince Francis II. I think I'm about to officially choose the Uni im going to but I'm not 100% sur, HELP, Official Imperial College 2023 Undergraduate Applicants Thread, Official Cambridge Postgraduate Applicants 2023 Thread, Plucking Serene Dreams From Golden Trees. Both could be serious threats to Elizabeths England. If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page.. Elizabeth sent an army of 14,000 men to crush the revolt, which lasted around a month (November to December). "The little Queen of Scots is the most perfect child that I have ever seen," King Henry II of France proclaimed soon after meeting his new charge (Mary of Guise had stayed in Scotland to rule . Working for the British, Native American Manteo was placed in charge of the expedition by Sir Walter Raleigh. Write a paragraph or two. Sir Francis Drake and the raid on Cadiz: `Singeing the King of Spains beard. Their union had brought peace between Spain and England, and Elizabeth's Privy Council hoped to maintain this. - Significant political threat as her legitimacy and gender led to people not accepting her as queen. [The importance of dates and chronology help demonstrate the long- term impact of Marys presence, which helps support the initial judgement.]. 2) This war was not a success. This Papal Bull meant that the loyalty of English Catholics towards Elizabeth was now always in doubt and placed a wedge between the English Catholics monarch and their faith. The treaty also stated that Mary would give up her claim to the English throne, although this was not formally agreed by Mary. The accession of Elizabeth Tudor to the throne of England in November 1558 meant that Mary was, by virtue of her Tudor blood, next in line to the English throne. Naval support by the English proved to be more effective for the Dutch rebels and a fleet of English ships patrolled the Dutch coastline to prevent the Spanish from landing some of their forces by sea. Describe two features of the threats posed to Elizabeth in 1558 3. The Duke of Norfolk was arrested and executed however Mary was not punished beyond her supervision being made tighter. Copyright The Student Room 2023 all rights reserved. To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. (4 marks) According to many people at the time Mary Queen of Scots had a stronger claim to the . The Spanish plan to meet the Duke of Parma at Dunkirk was seriously flawed. Thereafter, up to 11,000 English Catholics were either arrested or placed under surveillance. LS23 6AD This was one of the more serious courtships of Elizabeth's reign. This meant her ability to govern from the outset was immediately hampered. Probably at the core of Elizabeth's decision to remain single was an unwillingness to compromise her power. When Elizabeth came to the throne in 1558 her people were divided by religion. Francis Drake is knighted on the Golden Hind. However, it should be noted that one reason for the eventual crushing of the revolt is because the vast majority of Catholics in the north stayed loyal to Elizabeth and did not revolt, suggesting that Elizabeth did not face a threat from all Catholics within England, but enough of a threat to be permanently suspicious. The Armadas journey back to Spain was a disaster. The plot was uncovered whilst Ridolfi was abroad (he never returned). Copy. 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In total, less than 10000 men and half the fleet made it back to Spain. Upon his arrival, he accepted the position of Governor-General which proved to be a big mistake as it suggested that Elizabeth had taken control of the Netherlands. Catholic priests were ordered to leave so as not to influence the English Catholics with divided loyalties. More significantly, she was worried she would have to adopt a secondary role in the running of her country, as the period was very patriarchal. The English also had better tactics that were more effective. Foreign threat: Spain and France were the most powerful countries in Europe and were Catholic. Boston Spa, However, the Dutch had always governed themselves. The local inhabitants showed little mercy to the survivors of these wrecks. Led by two powerful Catholic landowners, Thomas Percy, Earl of Northumberland, and Charles Neville, Earl of Westmorland, this rebellions principal aims included the restoration of Catholicism to England, as well as the installation of Mary as Queen of England. In 1587, Sir Francis Drake attacked the Spanish port of Cadiz in what would become known as the Singeing of the King of Spains beard. Elizabeth's parents, Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn. Level 4 is about analysis supported by a detailed line of reasoning, so embracing counter-arguments like this are encouraged (so long as they can be explained).]. To counter homelessness and the begging/criminal activity that sometimes accompanied this, a law was passed that stated that, if found, vagrants were: 1) to be whipped and have a hole drilled through each ear 2) if found a second time would be imprisoned 3) would be killed if found a third time. Anthony Babington, an English Catholic, wrote to Mary about the plot. Save. They were also fearful that France would rekindle their loyalty to Scotland and threaten England from the north and south together. This pleased those eager for her to marry, but made many unhappy because they did not want her to marry a French Catholic. Henry believed that Elizabeth wanted France to go to war with Spain while England looked on and would benefit from the probable weakening of both. By the end of Elizabeths reign, the navy was also playing an important role in settling up an English colony in North America. The rest of the Spanish fleet was forced to sail away from the French coast and into the North Sea with the English fleet on their trail. The defeat of the Northern Earls showed there was little appetite for a Catholic revolution. Her arrival and ultimate house arrest were the result of her having to flee Scotland. Moreover, a child would create more stability domestically and nullify challenges to the throne (like that from Mary Queen of Scots) as a political vacuum would have been filled. Seeing Spain as a threat, Elizabeth tried to form an alliance with France. Dedicated to. Instead, her goal was to ensure freedom of worship for Dutch Protestants and protect Englands Military, commercial and strategic interests listed above. Describe two features of Mary Queen of Scots' threat to Elizabeth I. The child cried when he saw the _______ of his favorite toy in the driveway. Thomas Percy, 7th Earl of Northumberland was part of the Rising in the North in 1569. Manage Settings This risked provoking King Phillip further and to avoid this, Elizabeth forced Dudley to resign his position immediately. Many people did not want a foreigner influencing England policy. He even came to England to meet Elizabeth and she even announced before some of her courtiers that she would marry him. The Catholic threat Many Catholics in England were not happy with Elizabeth's Settlement. Social Studies American History: Reconstruction to the Present Guided Reading Workbook. In the eyes of the Church of England, Henry and Catherine were divorced and then Henry could marry Anne. Pope, Head of Catholic church would excommunicate her. The Council was controlled by southern Protestants and this caused resentment by the northern nobles. Study notes, videos, interactive activities and more! She's regarded as one of the greatest monarchs of England. Elizabeth seized the gold which angered King Phillip and in response, he seized English ships that were in Antwerp. This meant two of the most powerful European nations were now united against Protestantism, placing Elizabeth in a precarious position. During the 1570s, England was starting to have ambitions of establishing an empire of its own and had hoped to become an imperial power that could rival Spain. Study notes, videos, interactive activities and more! She was able to fight off illness, rebellions . Here is an example answer to the following 16-mark question on the problem posed to Elizabeth I upon her accession arising from the question of legitimacy. He was younger than Elizabeth but their union was based on a mutual need for France and England to form an alliance. Some Vikings fled to France to establish a colony called Normandy. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. The plan was that 130 ships (equipped with 2431 guns) would sail along the Channel to the Netherlands, where they would pick up 27,000 troops, led by the Duke of Parma. However, she was fearful of the presence of Spain in the Netherlands, who were busy putting down the Dutch Revolt from 1566 under the command of the Duke of Alba. Her first husband, Francis II, had died in December 1560. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - introduction. - Quite a significant political threat as both France and Spain had the power to invade England. Moreover, to raise money Elizabeth would have to make the immediately-unpopular decision of raising taxes, the permission for which would need to be granted by parliament (which, in turn, could then make further demands on Elizabeth). Crucially, when the Spanish ships docked in English ports, the gold was seized by Elizabeth. Suitable for the Edexcel GCSE History (9-1) course. She changed the church back to Anglican and it has been the official . The plots involved European conspirators and were supported by France, Spain and even the Pope. The evidence was enough to persuade Elizabeth to put Mary on trial and eventually execute her for treason. Nevertheless, the answer has sustained conceptual focus and is wide-ranging in its analysis. Ridolfis plan was to make Mary queen by first assassinating Elizabeth and then marrying Mary to the Duke of Norfolk. The plan was supported by various Catholic nobles, including the Earls of Northumberland and Westmorland as this would mean Elizabeth (a Protestant) could be succeeded by a Catholic queen. They Schools can qualify for all our resources for free. This meant atholics did not think . Elizabeth had taken the decision to arrest any Catholic bishops that did not accept her authority as sovereign over them. Therefore, I disagree with the statement. Foreign prince candinates would all be Catholic. Most of the new ships were being built in the deepwater port Portuguese port of Lisbon which was protected by strong fortifications. Sir Francis Drake was a leading privateer and responsible for leading several expeditions into the New World in the late 1560s and 1570s. The threat of France to Elizabeth's rule Elizabeth had two main problems concerning France: She inherited a bad relationship with France from her predecessor Queen Mary I. France were. Approximately 30 ships were destroyed and tonnes of supplies were also seized including food and weapons. In 1554 Mary had Elizabeth imprisoned in the Tower of London, briefly threatened her with execution, and then placed her under house arrest. How much is the average salary for an overseas dentist? She was then third in line behind her Roman Catholic half-sister, Princess Mary. There were two important reasons why France was seen as a threat to England. Philip IIs decision to reorganise the Dutch government and church angered both the Dutch Catholics and the Protestants. Use your outline Queen Elizabeth showed no mercy to the rebels and the Earl of Northumberland along with 400 rebel troops were executed while the Earl of Westmorland fled abroad. Design engineering imperial 2023 applicants, Border Force Officer - Core and Mobile teams recruitment campaign September 2022. Elizabeth's legitimacy was one of many problems that Elizabeth faced when she became Queen in 1558. Why was France a threat? However, the Privy Council had put huge pressure on Elizabeth to marry and urged her to take a husband in late 1559, which suggests that the Privy Council would have agreed on a suitor had there been someone suitable as they realised the importance of securing a Protestant English throne and the Tudor dynasty, and perhaps it was this lack of a suitable suitor that caused Elizabeth to remain . John White led another group to Roanoke, 3 years after the attempt to colonise it. Company Reg no: 04489574. The aim was to rid France of heresy (Protestantism). "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 1st explanation. However, Elizabeth was fearful that a foreign husband would have not put the needs of England first. The threat posed by the pretenders Perkin Warbeck and Lambert Simnel. Pick a key scene from the story and tell it from the third-person limited point of view, through Doodle's senses and feelings. - Threats of invasion or Elizabeth's authority were made worse by her financial situation. Overview of Elizabeth I / Even though a truce was decided, there was still a constant threat from the Scots and French to the English security . (*fragmentary*). VAT reg no 816865400. In response to the Throckmorton Plot, Elizabeths advisors drafted the Bond of Association, which was aimed at deterring any further plots. Letters sent to Mary were also intercepted which implicated her and the Duke of Norfolk in the plot. Importantly though, the arrival of Mary Queen of Scots in England did more to embolden the threat of Catholicism. The most important reason however was a combination of Marys arrival and the Popes interference. English sailors land at Roanoke to find it abandoned. Dudleys campaign in 1586-1587 proved to be unsuccessful and he suffered heavy defeats at the hands of the Spanish general, the. France however, thought her intention was to create war between France and Spain while England looked on. However, the settlement was abandoned and no trace of the colonists was ever found. These problems all led to supply issues for the Spanish Armada and had a major impact on the morale of the Spanish troops. When Mary, Queen of Scots arrived in England in 1568, replacing Elizabeth with Mary became a realistic possibility. The execution of Mary, Queen of Scots eventually took place on 8th February 1587. Elizabeth offered support to the Protestant Henry IV of France but found him an difficult ally to get on with. Tel: +44 0844 800 0085.