exposure having come into contact with a cause of, or possessing a characteristic that is a determinant of, a particular health problem. transmission, direct immediate transfer of an agent from a reservoir to a host by direct contact or droplet spread. The rate of occurrence of new cases of a disease. surveillance, sentinel a surveillance system that uses a prearranged sample of sources (e.g., physicians, hospitals, or clinics) who have agreed to report all cases of one or more notifiable diseases. standard deviation a statistical summary of how dispersed the values of a variable are around its mean, calculated as the square root of the variance. mode of transmission the manner in which an agent is transmitted from its reservoir to a susceptible host (see also transmission). contact, direct exposure or transmission of an agent from a source to a susceptible host through touching (e.g., from a human host by kissing, sexual intercourse, or skin-to-skin contact) or from touching an infected animal or contaminated soil or vegetation. study, cross-sectional a study in which a sample of persons from a population are enrolled and their exposures and health outcomes are measured simultaneously; a survey. decision tree a branching chart that represents the logical sequence or pathway of a clinical or public health decision. The graphic states that new HIV infections fell 8% from 2015 to 2019, after a period of general stability. droplet nuclei the residue of dried droplets of infectious agents that is easily inhaled and exhaled and can remain suspended in air for relatively long periods or be blown over great distances. The line graph shows there were 37,800 new HIV infections in 2015, 37,900 in 2016, 36,700 in 2017, 36,200 in 2018, and 34,800 in 2019. The number of births per year per 1000 women between ages 15 and 44 in a given population. It is updated regularly. In this situation, at a recurrence interval of 3 months (p = 0.011) and an, Comparison ofsimultaneous shunting to delayed shunting in infants with myelomeningocele in terms ofshunt, In the present study, there was no significant relationship between gender and, Conclusion: In conclusion, efficiency of disposable surgical drapes has not been demonstrated to lower infections rates in fact to the contrary we demonstrated increase in, Dictionary, Encyclopedia and Thesaurus - The Free Dictionary, the webmaster's page for free fun content, Simulated anthrax attacks and syndromic surveillance, Rise in HCV infection rates linked to OxyContin reformulation, Can pin-site infection be prevented? You want to reject this entry: please give us your comments (bad translation/definition, duplicate entries), English Portuguese translation in context, Free: Learn English, French and other languages, Reverso Documents: translate your documents online, Learn English watching your favourite videos. Infection rate synonyms What is another word for Infection rate? transmission, mechanical indirect transmission by a vector in which the infectious agent does not undergo physiologic changes inside the vector (see also transmission, biologic). neonatal mortality rate see mortality rate, neonatal. bias, selection systematic difference in the enrollment of participants in a study that leads to an incorrect result (e.g., risk ratio or odds ratio) or inference. Non-sterile gloves are just as effective as sterile gloves in preventing surgical site infection after minor skin surgeries, Detection of Plasmodium falciparum infection in Anopheles stephensi in Punjab, Pakistan, A prospective study to assess risk factors for surgical site infections in a tertiary care center, infantile, generalized GM1 gangliosidosis, Infection Management & Environmental Plan, Infection Prevention & Control Department, Infection Surveillance and Control Program, Infections with a predominantly sexual mode of transmission. Outbreak A sudden increase of a specific illness in a small area. Retinopathy. frequency distribution a complete summary of the frequencies of the values or categories of a variable, often displayed in a two-column table with the individual values or categories in the left column and the number of observations in each category in the right column. individual data values or observations from each record (also called raw data). Q. where would i find list of all the "clean" cities and the rates of air pollution ? As a number of major countries have now transitioned to weekly updates, there is no need anymore for immediate updates throughout the day as soon as a new report is released. Prostadine can help you maintain a healthy prostate as you age. In calculating postneonatal mortality rates, the numerator is the number of deaths among this age group during a given period, and the denominator is the number of live births during the same period.. risk factor an aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, an environmental exposure, or a hereditary characteristic that is associated with an increase in the occurrence of a particular disease, injury, or other health condition. In calculating neonatal mortality rates, the numerator is the number of deaths among this age group during a given period, and the denominator is the number of live births reported during the same period. Isolation refers to separation of ill persons; quarantine refers to separation of potentially exposed but well persons. The frequency with which a gene will be inherited or expressed by identical or fraternal twins. an infecting agency or influence. In statistics, the frequency and pattern of the values or categories of a variable. ; the effective transmission rate. an infecting with germs of disease, as through the medium of infected insects, air, water, or clothing. midrange the halfway point, or midpoint, in a set of observations. table shell a table that is completely drawn and labeled but contains no data. Such a calculation is difficult because not all new infections are reported, and it is often difficult to know how many susceptibles were exposed. The research was done in environmental disaster areas (Aral District, Kazaly District) and . pathogenicity the ability of an agent to cause disease after infection, measured as the proportion of persons infected by an agent who then experience clinical disease. the population is growing at an alarming rate, he is the least appealing, to me at any rate, I don't know what happened, at any rate she didn't turn up, there is a reduced rate for children under 12. how do you rate his performance on a scale of one to ten? Populations are followed, and disease, death, or other health-related outcomes are documented and compared. carrier a person or animal that harbors the infectious agent for a disease and can transmit it to others, but does not demonstrate signs of the disease. Good synonyms? The rate of occurrence of negative test results in those who have the attribute or disease for which they are being tested. (2) A system for early detection of outbreaks whereby health department staff, assisted by automated acquisition of data routinely collected for other purposes and computer generation of statistical signals, monitor disease indicators, particularly those associated with possible terrorism-related biologic and chemical agents, continually or at least daily to detect outbreaks earlier than would otherwise be possible with traditional public health methods. prospective study see study, prospective. efficiency the ability of an intervention or program to produce the intended or expected results with a minimum expenditure of time and resources. Data from these systems are used to learn about health status, health care, provision and use of services, and the impact of services and programs on health. bar chart a visual display in which each category of a variable is represented by a bar or column bar charts are used to illustrate variations in size among categories. The neonatal mortality rate is usually expressed per 1,000 live births. Seizure. In radiology, the speed with which medical images are recorded, usually expressed in images per second. The metabolic rate as measured 12 hr after eating, after a restful sleep, with no exercise or activity preceding testing, with elimination of emotional excitement, and at a comfortable temperature. mean (or average) commonly called the average; it is the most common measure of central tendency. statistical significance the measure of how likely it is that a set of study results could have occurred by chance alone. Energy used is calculated from the amount of oxygen used during the test. Synonyms for INFECTED: poisoned, septic, tainted, polluted, invaded, contaminated, spoilt, affected, afflicted, defiled, soiled, corrupted; Antonyms for INFECTED . The comparison group provides an estimate of the background or expected incidence of disease (in a cohort study) or exposure (in a case-control study). infection rates. EMAILS SHOW THE MEATPACKING INDUSTRY DRAFTED AN EXECUTIVE ORDER TO KEEP PLANTS OPEN, TRAINED IMMUNITY OFFERS HOPE IN FIGHT AGAINST CORONAVIRUS, WEARING A MASK COULD PROTECT YOU FROM COVID-19 IN MORE WAYS THAN YOU THINK, EUROPE OVERTAKES U.S. AS COVID-19 HOTSPOT AS INFECTIONS SURGE, TIMES OF STRIFE CAN LEAD TO MEDICAL INNOVATIONWHEN GOVERNMENTS ARE WILLING, THE UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIAS COVID SURGE CONTINUES, WITH 1,400 CASES REPORTED THIS WEEK. rated the movie excellent; rated him a fine cook. active surveillance see surveillance, active. epidemiology the study of the distribution and determinants of health conditions or events among populations and the application of that study to control health problems. It increases, for example, in hyperthyroidism. Nglish: Translation of infection for Spanish Speakers, Britannica English: Translation of infection for Arabic Speakers, Britannica.com: Encyclopedia article about infection. crude death rate see mortality rate, crude. birth rate, crude the number of live births during a specified period divided by the mid-period population, usually expressed per 1,000 population. For the majority of data, the midrange is calculated by adding the smallest observation and the largest observation and dividing by two. the most highly rated player in English football, in those crowded streets he wouldn't rate a second glance, it must rate as one of the most boring films around. . rate an expression of the relative frequency with which an event occurs among a defined population per unit of time, calculated as the number of new cases or deaths during a specified period divided by either person-time or the average (midinterval) population. Using the term to describe the person rather than the health condition is discouraged (see also case-patient). proportionate mortality the proportion of deaths among a population attributable to a particular cause during a selected period. iSYNONYM. There have been at least 556,201,000 reported infections and 6,776,000 reported deaths caused by the new coronavirus . 1. the amount of a charge or payment with reference to some basis of calculation: a high rate of interest on loans. If you need to go back and make any changes, you can always do so by going to our Privacy Policy page. fomite an inanimate object that can be the vehicle for transmission of an infectious agent (e.g., bedding, towels, or surgical instruments). An endemic disease with a high rate of infection, especially one affecting people of all ages equally. NOTE: Effective February 1, 2023, the Coronavirus Tracker has switched from LIVE to Daily Updates. {\displaystyle \lambda } The period of being a carrier can be short (a transient carrier) or long (a chronic carrier). Synonyms for Infection rates. A phylogenetic tree a branching chart that indicates the evolutionary lineage or genetic relatedness of organisms. case-control study see study, case-control. If you do not allow these cookies we will not know when you have visited our site, and will not be able to monitor its performance. axis one of the dimensions of a graph in a rectangular graph, the x-axis is the horizontal axis, and the y-axis is the vertical axis. proportion, attributable a measure of the impact of a causative factor on the public health; the proportion of a health state or event among exposed persons that can be attributed to the exposure also called attributable risk percent. Broad-spectrum antivirals are needed to safeguard against emerging variants and future pandemics. synonyms. The terms Prevalence rates and Rate of prevalence might have synonymous (similar) meaning. {\displaystyle \lambda } transmission, indirect transfer of an agent from a reservoir to a host either by being suspended in air particles (airborne), carried by an inanimate objects (vehicleborne), or carried by an animate intermediary (vectorborne). The rate of becoming infected ( rate of prevalence. surveillance, medical monitoring of a person who might have been exposed to an infectious, chemical, radiologic, or other potentially causal agent, for the purpose of detecting early symptoms. Usually, the cases are presumed to have a common cause or to be related to one another in some way. The rate at which electromagnetic energy is absorbed by a kilogram of tissue, usually expressed as the heat absorbed by the tissue, or as the power absorbed per unit of mass. bar chart, deviation a bar chart displaying either positive or negative differences from a baseline. Case-control studies are inherently retrospective. cause, sufficient a factor or collection of factors whose presence is always followed by the occurrence of a particular health problem. mortality rate, crude a mortality rate from all causes of death for an entire population, without adjustment. I don't mean amount of alcohol consumed, but alcohol addiction/dependency. outbreak, propagated an outbreak that spreads from person to person rather than from a common source. This is true regardless of whether they have shown symptoms of COVID-19 or not. host factor an intrinsic factor (e.g., age, race/ethnicity, sex, or behaviors) that influences a persons exposure, susceptibility, or response to an agent. discrete variable (or data) see variable (or data), discrete. association the statistical relation between two or more events, characteristics, or other variables. field epidemiology see epidemiology, field. The rate of utilization of energy. So even though cases overall grew, hospitalizations and deaths were down and that makes sense because younger people are more likely to experience mild or symptom-free, In other words, its hard to predict how many people might die of widespread, Some feared coming to work while others walked out of plants to protest the lack of, Data gathered in West Africa and elsewhere during the 1990s also built a case that BCG vaccination, in addition to preventing tuberculosis, protected people from a broad set of, They also refer to a recent study in Syrian hamsters that also suggested masking results in milder, Moving forward, medical innovation can play a substantial role in controlling and preventing, Thats still above the national average for new, THE NEW COVID-19 CASE SURGE IN EUROPE, EXPLAINED. prevalence rates. propagated outbreak see outbreak, propagated. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website. Cat Infections That Can Spread to Humans Ringworm Salmonella: Typhoid Kitty? Retinal Degeneration. notifiable disease a disease that, by law, must be reported to public health authorities upon diagnosis. scale, interval a measurement scale consisting of quantitative categories whose values are measured on a scale of equally spaced units, but without a true zero point (e.g., date of birth). "prevalence rates" and "rate of prevalence" Yes, I agree. Rate at which susceptible individuals acquire an infectious disease, Mathematical modelling of infectious disease, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Force_of_infection&oldid=1142548282, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 3 March 2023, at 01:24. The y-axis, measuring frequency, uses an arithmetic scale. / All information these cookies collect is aggregated and therefore anonymous. Two common types are cohort studies and case-control studies. Infectious Disease A disease caused by a microbe, and the microbes that cause infectious diseases are referred to as pathogens Infection -Synonym for infectious disease -Microbiologists reserve it to mean colonization of pathogen; may or may not go on to cause disease Infection vs. Infectious Disease Copy the code below and paste it where you want the visualization of this word to be shown on your page: Dictionary, Encyclopedia and Thesaurus - The Free Dictionary, the webmaster's page for free fun content, Simulated anthrax attacks and syndromic surveillance, Rise in HCV infection rates linked to OxyContin reformulation, Can pin-site infection be prevented? Blood to which an anticoagulant has been added is placed in a long, narrow tube, and the distance the red cells fall in 1 hr is the ESR. high-risk group a group of persons whose risk for a particular disease, injury, or other health condition is greater than that of the rest of their community or population. Found 2 synonyms 1. infection rate 2. heart rate or heart rhythm problems, chest pain or discomfort, pain or tingling in the hands or feet, and fatigue. These proportions are not mortality rates because, in proportionate mortality, the denominator is all deaths instead of the population among whom the deaths occurred. noun an act or fact of infecting; state of being infected. an infectious disease: Is this infection very dangerous? The speed of administration of a solution in mL/hr. COVID-19 infections are still rising in 72 countries. Performs all aspects of patient care in an environment that optimizes patient safety and reduces the likelihood of medical/healthcare errors. He says that he isn't sure whether we'll be allowed to finish, but at that rate we might as well not start. ; Quelle note lui donneriez-vous sur 10?. The fascinating story behind many people's favori Can you handle the (barometric) pressure?