These tests are available at most labs.. It also has antioxidant properties, which could help heal damage in your dogs food pipe. There are 3 different types that can form on canines, appearing as multiple lesions on the skin, multiple lesions in the mouth or swelling of the epidermis inward. A tumor is defined as abnormal cell growth. Your dog may also, therefore, lick the other dog in the area that is affected. These tumors are carcinomas that grow in the epithelial tissues surrounding the lung. Things that are localized [in one particular area] are much more likely to be curable. The difference is our dogs cant tell us what is going on, Wilson-Robles says. This is a malignant tumor which forms from blood vessel cells. With the help of advanced medicine, there are many things that you and your veterinarian can try to improve the tumor and to get your dog back to normal. These tumors form in the uterus of intact female dogs of an older age. With squamous cell carcinoma, if good local control is achieved through treatment, it might be a year before the cancer comes back or spreads. The type of cancer: Dogs with inflammatory mammary carcinoma have an average survival time of 25-60 days [35]. Antihistamines will be prescribed for digestive issues, until the cancer is under control. It doesnt necessarily mean that any mood change means cancer, but if it lasts for a longer period of time, its better to be safe than sorry. The area around the tumor may appear sunburned, with redness and swelling. On the bottom of our Dog Vet Care page you will find a list of links to help you find a holistic veterinarian in your area. You will know that based on the professionalism and support that we demonstrate at all times. This medicine is delivered to the dogs tumor through a salve (which is rubbed directly on the affected area), pills or injections. The cancer is typically transmitted during mating when the malignant tumor cells from one dog are directly transferred to another dog via coitus, licking, biting, and sniffing tumor-affected areas (the genitals, nose, or mouth). This is a result of a permanent cellular defect, which occurs when the cells mutate. Secondary infection of the ear is common. These tumors often appear as round red growths surrounded by black. This This treatment can help to shrink the tumor and reduce pain. Cancer-causing viruses may spread from person to person, but the cancer does not. A sebaceous adenoma (or sebaceous gland adenoma) is one of the five types of sebaceous gland tumors on dogs; its a non-viral type of cutaneous wart ( 1 ). There are thousands of studies on the topic ofpredisposition to cancer, but very few which focus on the canine species. Some cancers will come with terrible side effects, but many of them dont seem to cause a lot of symptoms. What differentiate malignant tumors from benign tumors are the characteristics of the cells. The treatment differs between the two types of tumors, but the most common benign form can be removed surgically. As frightening as it sounds, dogs have the ability to recover from it fast if you surround them with love and care, and you will have many more days to play together. This is a rare type of tumor. Neoplasene is derived from bloodroot, a plant used by Native Americans. As the cancer progresses, a tumor on a dogs paw may get bigger and messy it may ooze or bleed and become irritated. It is a malignant tumor that, because of its location, is very difficult, if not impossible to remove. Do you believe in holistic pet care? Its always going to be hard, but most people really want to do whats right for their pet, Wilson-Robles says.I tell people to pick five things your dog really likes doing, and when theyre not doing at least two of those things regularly lets have a discussion.Another tip: Get a calendar and put green check marks on good days and red check marks on bad days. This trauma causes the tumor cells to release the chemicals in their granules leading to a localized reaction. Most dogs love going for walks. WebCancer is the leading cause of death in dogs. Dr. Stenzel notes that in case studies, dogs persistently sniffed, licked and nipped at melanoma lesions on their owners skin, even through clothing, prompting the owners to identify the cancerous sites and seek care from clinicians.A, Dogs around the world can become afflicted with canine transmissible venereal tumorcanine transmissible venereal tumorCanine transmissible venereal tumors (CTVTs), also called transmissible venereal tumors (TVTs), canine transmissible venereal sarcoma (CTVS), sticker tumors and infectious sarcoma is a histiocytic tumor of the external genitalia of the dog and other canines, and is transmitted from animal to animal during mating.Canine transmissible venereal tumor Wikipedia one of only three known contagious cancerscontagious cancersA transmissible cancer is a cancer cell or cluster of cancer cells that can be transferred between individuals without the involvement of an infectious agent, such as an oncovirus. After you review the chart, move on to the What You Should Do Next section below. There are certain circumstances when benign tumors can cause serious problems. ", "acceptedAnswer": {"@type": "Answer", "text": "So, it should be no surprise that dogs can sniff out cancer in other pups, too. Honey can help soothe any inflammation. This type of bone tumor is very common among large and giant breeds. Now, unfortunately, new research reports that sniffing or licking other dogs genitalia can spread an unusual cancer called Canine Transmissible Venereal Tumor from one pups private parts to anothers nose or mouth. Squamous cell carcinoma and fibrosarcoma are other common types of cancer that can develop within the mouth of dogs. Some oral tumors can affect the teeth and bone in the mouth and face. If your dog has an oral mass, your vet will likely recommend putting your dog under anesthesia so a thorough examination and radiographs can be done. WebExcessive licking or scratching the body can express discomfort or pain. Tumours produce volatile organic compounds, which are released into urine, exhaled breath and sweat. Were also getting a lot better with a combination of therapies where you have surgical oncologists, radiation oncologists, and medical oncologists working together. This cell growth can either be benign or malign (cancerous). Common treatments of testicular tumors includes surgical removal of both testes, chemotherapy and radiation therapy. They multiply in great quantity and use the substances needed for the development of healthy cells for their own growth. WebFew tumors can pass from one living host to another. Are mast cell tumors in dogs contagious for humans or other pets? Bloodwork and urinalysis: A blood chemistry profile and a CBC can reveal a wealth of information about the patients overall physical status as well as organ function. This common skin tumor is a proliferation of cells that form on the basal cell layer of the normal epidermis. I took him to the vet and he did a sample and it didn't show cancerous. By clicking Subscribe, I agree to the WebMD, Smart Grocery Shopping When You Have Diabetes, Surprising Things You Didn't Know About Dogs and Cats, Smoking Pot Every Day Linked to Heart Risks, Artificial Sweetener Linked to Heart Risks, FDA Authorizes First At-Home Test for COVID and Flu, New Book: Take Control of Your Heart Disease Risk, MINOCA: The Heart Attack You Didnt See Coming, Health News and Information, Delivered to Your Inbox. They can also increase and decrease in size over time. If your pup has very bad acid reflux, they may get a sore throat. Tumors can be irritating and dogs will scratch, lick, or bite the mass and surrounding skin. A one-hour training session can cost between Rp 800,000 (US$53) and Rp 950,000 for a 1-hour, keeping in mind that a dog will pass the training to become a These malignant canine tumors must be treated through chemotherapy, radiation or a surgical procedure. The symptoms are often the same as those in people. This is fifteen times more common than in humans., Although the causes of bone cancer in dogs are not fully understood, researchers believe that theres a strong genetic link. Thank you for supporting our efforts! ", "acceptedAnswer": {"@type": "Answer", "text": "Tumors can be irritating and dogs will scratch, lick, or bite the mass and surrounding skin. Transmission of cancer between humans is rare.https://en.wikipedia.org u203a wiki u203a Clonally_transmissible_cancerClonally transmissible cancer - Wikipedia u2014 passed around when dogs have sex, or lick another infected dog and carry away tumor cells.J"}}, {"@type": "Question", "name": "Are mast cell tumors contagious to other dogs? READ NEXT:7 Hidden Toxins in Your House Thatre Poisonous or Cancerous to Dogs. Listed in the chart below are different types of tumors, both malignant and benign, that can grow in the canine species. We all have bad days, but when your dog is having three or more bad days a week, you should have that conversation.With humans, doctors are trying to [help] patients live 20-30 more years; for children, theyre hoping to help you live 60 more years. After surgery, even if just a few cancerous cells are left behind, theres a good chance that the tumor will grow back., Regardless of the location of the tumor, your veterinarian will recommend chemotherapy treatment after the surgery. Benign skin tumors can often be removed surgically, while metastasized, or cancerous tumors require chemotherapy, radiation or surgery. Most commonly, it will look like a skin lesion or a lump on your dogs body. WebCanine cancer detection is an approach to cancer screening that relies upon the claimed olfactory ability of dogs to detect, in urine or in breath, very low concentrations of the alkanes and aromatic compounds generated by malignant tumors.While some research has been promising, no verified studies by secondary research groups have substantiated the The problem with this tumor is that it doesnt have clear boundaries, so before doing anything, it needs to be analyzed thoroughly. Sebaceous glands are located within the dermis of the skin and they produce an oily film that empties into the hair follicle. Your dog needs surgery, and your heart is focused on the immediate needs of your pet. Osteosarcoma For all these reasons, we will work really hard to control the disease and bank on quality of life versus quantity of life. Tumors of the vagina and vulva are the second most common form of reproductive tumors in female dogs. ", "acceptedAnswer": {"@type": "Answer", "text": "Dogs around the world can become afflicted with canine transmissible venereal tumorcanine transmissible venereal tumorCanine transmissible venereal tumors (CTVTs), also called transmissible venereal tumors (TVTs), canine transmissible venereal sarcoma (CTVS), sticker tumors and infectious sarcoma is a histiocytic tumor of the external genitalia of the dog and other canines, and is transmitted from animal to animal during mating.Canine transmissible venereal tumor - Wikipedia u2014 one of only three known contagious cancerscontagious cancersA transmissible cancer is a cancer cell or cluster of cancer cells that can be transferred between individuals without the involvement of an infectious agent, such as an oncovirus. Three types of tumors are grouped under the umbrella of testicular cancer: interstitial, Sertoli and seminoma tumors. WebExcessive licking or scratching the body can express discomfort or pain. They are usually small, solitary lesions. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Osteosarcoma will spread to other areas of the body extremely fast, so its crucial to catch it as soon as possible. There are both benign and malignant forms of mammary tumors. ", "acceptedAnswer": {"@type": "Answer", "text": "No. This trauma causes the tumor cells to release the chemicals in their granules leading to a localized reaction. 2005 - 2023 WebMD LLC. There have been a lot of people who have noticed after they have been diagnosed in a certain area that that's where their dog kept sniffing or licking at. Transmission of cancer between humans is rare.Clonally transmissible cancer Wikipedia that it spawned. Its the same with males and testicular and prostate cancers: You can delay or reduce by neutering earlier on.It also helps for your dog to be at a healthy weight. In some older dogs, we hear pet parents say things like, I just thought she was slowing down because she was getting older. It turns out they were having symptoms that may have been missed., Are there ways to prevent cancer in dogs?, Wilson-Robles recommends spaying or neutering your dog early on. If you have a 12-year-old dog whose average lifespan is 14, we arent trying to treat them to live 10-20 more years. Treatment depends upon many various factors such as size and maturity, but the most common treatments are surgical removal, radiation and chemotherapy. All rights reserved. Most often we get a sample with a fine needle aspirate or a biopsy. Females who were spayed before their first heat are at very low risk for developing mammary tumors. You can also take your dog directly to a veterinarian to get checked out. These tumors are more commonly benign but can also be malignant. I always recommend working with a veterinary oncologist to help you understand your next steps., What is the average cost to treat a dog with cancer?, This varies based on the type of cancer. In dogs, primary bone cancers are by far the most common. WebMore than 50% of dogs over the age of 10 will have cancer. The nuclei, or center, of these anaplastic cells are usually very large and stained darkly. Treatment depends in the diagnosis of the tumor but the most common treatments include surgical removal, chemotherapy, radiation therapy and antibiotics. Lymphoma is not contagious to humans or other pets. Tumors can be irritating and dogs will scratch, lick, or bite the mass and surrounding skin. This is a very difficult question to answer. 3 Though some MCTs are not contagious for other pets or humans. The lifetime risk of a female intact dog developing a malignant mammary tumor is 23-34%. So, it should be no surprise that dogs can sniff out cancer in other pups, too. It also has antioxidant properties, which could help heal damage in your dogs food pipe. If the tumor is in the mandible or scapula the jaw or shoulder blade average survival is around 18 months. That cancer, now known as canine transmissible venereal tumourcanine transmissible venereal tumourCanine transmissible venereal tumors (CTVTs), also called transmissible venereal tumors (TVTs), canine transmissible venereal sarcoma (CTVS), sticker tumors and infectious sarcoma is a histiocytic tumor of the external genitalia of the dog and other canines, and is transmitted from animal to animal during mating.https://en.wikipedia.org Canine_transmissible_venereal_tumorCanine transmissible venereal tumor Wikipedia (CTVT), has since travelled across six continents, spreading from dog to dog by sex or close contact.M. Although honey wont cure your pooches indigestion, its thought to help with the symptoms associated with reflux. A cancerous outward growth of basal cells, which is freely movable over the subcutaneous tissue. Debulking a tumor is a procedure to reduce its size in hopes that chemotherapy or radiation will be more effective, but the tumor typically comes back. What are some of the symptoms of cancer in dogs? Osteosarcoma affects dogs bones and larger dog breeds are more prone to it, but it can also happen to smaller breeds. Canine tumors can be benign or malignant, and there are around 30 different types that your dog can contract (dog skin cancer being the most common). Antibiotics may also be used. Ultrasound may be used to visualize ovarian tissue if performed while your dog is in heat. For axial osteosarcoma, a different type of surgery may be needed to extract the tumor. According to Mesothelioma.com, asbestos fibers pose a significant health threat to both pets and their owners. Seizures are the most common symptom of meningioma. Cancer that originates in a dogs toe can metastasize (spread). Cancerous tumors are very dangerous for dogs and early detection is the key to controlling or curing the disease and pronging your dogs life. It can also appear as a lump or skin excess. When you get into more complicated cancers that have several specialists, you can easily spend $15,000 or more, Wilson-Robles says.It also depends on where you live some areas are more expensive, she points out. "}}, {"@type": "Question", "name": "Do dogs lick cancer? Remember that many malignant tumors have their benign counterparts so dont despair before you check this with the vet. Hepatoid glands are only found in the canine species and are generally located around the anus, or in portions of the tail, hindlimbs, abdomen and very occasionally in other sites in the body. WebMD does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Cancer. Common symptoms are limping, bone pain and swelling. These tumors can be either benign or malignant and grow from the red pulp of the spleen. How Long Can A Dog Live With A Brain Tumor? If the tumor is melanoma, it might be anywhere from six months to a few years after treatment before the cancer becomes an issue again. With over half of our nations pets being overweight or obese, Treatment for the malignant form of this tumor will differ from case to case but generally require some form of chemotherapy, radiation therapy or surgery. Even changes in diet can help with cancer treatment in dogs. Some types of dog tumors can be cured. These are usually tumors that are locally invasive and can be completely removed surgically. Types of cancer that spread or metastasize to other parts of your dogs body can be managed with treatment but are unfortunately not usually curable. That team comes up with an integrated plan to treat your dogs cancer. There are many different types of cancer and some are simply more dangerous than others. Until recently, scientists and doctors did not know of any type of treatment either topical or internal that could actually reverse the growth of dog skin tumors such as mast cell tumors or fiborsarcomas. Start by mixing 1/4 cup baby food with 1/4 cup water and 1/4 cup white bread until you have a paste-like consistency. Click on the links for more specific information on treatment and real patient stories. Skin cancer includes growths of cells on the skin, glands, and supportive tissues, such as fat and connective tissues. In most cases, survival depends on the removal of the spleen. Ceruminous gland adenocarcinoma(see above) rare malignant tumors that grow in the ear canal. It could be an enlarged lymph node, limping, or pain, she says. Tumors can be irritating and dogs will scratch, lick, or bite the mass and surrounding skin. Proper post-operative care should be provided for 3 months to monitor tumor regression. A. If surgery is not an option or if clean margins are not obtained through surgery but the cancer has not spread, this conventional type of radiation can be used to control or slow the growth of the remaining cancerous tissue. Those are the big ones. If the tumor is fibrosarcoma/soft tissue sarcoma or a plasma cell tumor, theres a chance of the cancer being cured if clean margins are obtained or if radiation is successful. Vaccines are administered once every two weeks for four treatments, then once every six months thereafter. A one-hour training session can cost between Rp 800,000 (US$53) and Rp 950,000 for a 1-hour, keeping in mind that a dog will pass the training to become a service dog. dog wont stop licking fatty benign tumor My 15 year old mixed breed dog (around 22 pounds) is in fairly good health but has a fatty benign tumor around his penis. Chemotherapy can increase your dog's lifespan more than just amputation or removal., Radiation therapy is also available if you dont want to amputate and only want to provide palliative or end of life care. Lymphoma is not contagious to humans or other pets. If your dog displays any of these signs, examine his or her paw and have a veterinarian take a closer look if theres reason to suspect a tumor. This is a very invasive and difficult tumor of the bladder that often causes partial or complete blockage. Benign mammary tumors can often be removed surgically and certain types can be left alone with no harm This trauma causes the tumor cells to release the chemicals in their granules leading to a localized reaction. The first step is definitely a biopsy which will establish if it is malignant or benign. In dog's, the most common signs of oral cancer include: bad breath, excessive drooling, bleeding from the mouth, trouble chewing, obvious signs of oral pain, loose teeth, visible lump or mass inside of the mouth, swollen areas of the face, reluctance to eat and weight loss. Because toe cancer in dogs can be any of several different types, treatments can vary even more so if the cancer has spread. Unfortunately, like Swords, most dog parents will someday hear that their dog has cancer. There are four classifications of skin cancer both benign and malignant. Malignant tumors, also referred to as cancerous neoplasms, tend to grow rapidly and are known to spread from one area of the dogs body to another. Once you have a diagnosis from a veterinarian, you can limit licking by helping manage your dog's pain often with prescription medication, but the remedy will vary depending on the underlying cause. The prognosis for a dog with a digital tumor depends largely on the type of tumor. Although honey wont cure your pooches indigestion, its thought to help with the symptoms associated with reflux. The sooner you seek treatment, the more likely your dog is to respond., American Kennel Club Canine Health Foundation: Bone Cancer in Dogs., Colorado State University Flint Animal Cancer Center: Bone Cancer In Dogs, Hemangiosarcoma In Dogs., Morris Animal Foundation: Osteosarcoma - A Deadly Bone Tumor of Dogs.. Each listed tumor can be clicked on, which will provide a link to more detailed and thorough information from an outside medical source. But the dog cancer, known as Sticker's sarcoma, is spread by tumor cells getting passed from dog to dog through sex or from animals biting or licking each other. This is the most common form of brain tumor that occurs in dogs and is much more common in dogs over the age of 6. WebWeimaraners Most tumors are solitary although boxers and pugs have an increased predilection for multiple skin tumors. Some types of tumors have natural size-shifting features. But the dog cancer, known as The Nu.Q Veterinary Cancer Screening Test and the OncoK9 tests help us see if cancer is likely, but they do not specify the type of cancer. There are also new companies out there that can help determine the type of lymphoma that is present at the molecular level. There are many methods of treatment for malignant tumors, but these, unlike benign tumors, cannot simply be removed through a one-day procedure. 2005 - 2023 WebMD LLC. There are different forms of both benign and malignant ceruminous gland tumors. It appears as a skin mass which is of red or pink color and it itches. "}}, {"@type": "Question", "name": "Are dog tumors contagious to other dogs? Basal cell tumor- Simply basal cell canine tumors (see Skin section) that grows in the ear canal, Sebaceous gland tumor nodular masses that grow in the ear canal, Melanocytoma a benign tumor arising from the epidermis, dermis or adnexa, primarily from the external root of the hair follicles, Melanoacan- thoma Rare tumors with features of a Melanocytoma tumor and a epithelial neoplasm, appear as nodular masses. The problem with this cancer is similar to hemangiosarcoma, because liposarcoma looks like lipomas which are benign skin tumors and these are not too dangerous. The majority of these tumors are benign but they can be malignant. Heres a look at the five most common types of tumors on dogs paws: Depending on the size and location, a lump on a dogs paw can obviously impede his or her ability to walk or run normally. Afterwards, your dog will need rounds of chemo and immune therapy. Dogs with mild malignant tumors can live for more than two years after treatment [36]. Osteosarcomas do this frequently. ", "acceptedAnswer": {"@type": "Answer", "text": "So, it should be no surprise that dogs can sniff out cancer in other pups, too. There are some cancers that do very well and can be a few hundred dollars to treat. The most common are melanomas and mast cell WebSebaceous cysts are benign but can also be mistaken for a malignant tumor called a sebaceous gland adenocarcinoma or a benign mass called a sebaceous gland adenoma. Most histiocytomas usually go away without treatment in under 3 months. These bumps are typically less than 2.5 cm and can be found anywhere on the body. Dogs often develop benign tumors in pigmented cells that do not metastasize, which are called Such activities are important both as exercise and for a dogs mental stimulation, so it merits a closer look if one of your dogs paws appears to be bothering him or her. They found a tumor on his bowels and I was devastated, she says. There have been several other reports since then of dogs detecting cancers by constantly sniffing or nudging an area of their owners body. This is a tumor of the epidermal cells and is most common among dogs with little to no fur, but has been diagnosed on many various breeds. Aspiration: A needle is used to withdraw fluid or tissue, which is then sent to a lab to determine the makeup of a mass (infection, cancer). How Long Do Biopsy Results Take For Dogs? These tumors can be both benign and malignant. The mean age for development of a mammary tumor is 6-10 years. Often limping in a dog will result from a sprain or tear in the tendon of a canines leg. Other Dog Skin Conditions, Round Peeling Red Patches On Dogs Stomach, Inner Thighs & Chest, Red, Shiny, Inflamed Bump on Top of Dogs Paw, Black crusty or ulcerated lump on dogs ear, Red Dog Rash Under Front Legs & On Groin Is Getting Worse, Recent Flaring of Red, Hot, Scabby & Itchy Dog Skin Rash on Groin, Armpits & Belly, Dogs skin getting darker/black, spotted and splotchy, Persistent Red Rash on Inside of Dogs Legs Superficial Skin Fold Dermatitis, Itchy Red Rash on Dogs Belly, Neck & Armpits & Hot Spots on Ears, Black / Brown Crusty Patches on Dogs Underside. This type of cancer appears in fatty connective tissues of the body, and usually it is located between muscles or around hind legs. The short answer is yes. Master of all. The manufacturers websiteallows you to download PDF files to print and share with your veterinarian for discussion. Talk with your holistic vet or ask a veterinarian online via My Online Vet for more details. Some common signs that your dog might have an oral tumor include bleeding from the mouth, swallowing food whole instead of chewing, drooling a lot, and Can A Dog Get Cancer From Licking Other DogS Tumor? There are some cancers that show up pretty frequently in dogs. Required fields are marked *. This tumor is actually spread simply by physical touch and can be found on both male and female dogs of any breed. These benign tumors can generally be removed through a surgical procedure. WebSebaceous cysts are benign but can also be mistaken for a malignant tumor called a sebaceous gland adenocarcinoma or a benign mass called a sebaceous gland adenoma. Common locations in the dog include: Trunk 4265% Limbs 2243% Head and neck 1014% You can also click on one of the following categories to jump to that section in the chart. In many cases, these things are found when you take your dog in for their annual or semiannual checkup.The most common symptom is a lump or bump found during an exam or at home. Gastrinoma is a malignant tumor that forms in the pancreas and secretes a hormone called gastrin. Transmission of cancer between humans is rare.https://en.wikipedia.org wiki Clonally_transmissible_cancerClonally transmissible cancer Wikipedia passed around when dogs have sex, or lick another infected dog and carry away tumor cells.J. They are usually small, solitary lesions. We dont see as many dogs passing from car accidents as we did years ago. Ask a Vet Online Library Canine Tumors/Dog Cancer Section, What Else Could It Be? Because dogs' noses are so much more powerful than peoples - they have about 25 But it might take patience to find the right veterinarian cancer specialist. The skin is the most common place that cancer is diagnosed in dogs. Transitional cell carcinoma is a type of cancer that most commonly affects a dog's bladder and urethra. The most common areas pet parents find them are on a dogs nose, ears, and paws. Like every devoted dog owner, you will probably notice when there is something wrong with your dogs mood or behavior. Tumours produce volatile organic compounds, which are released into urine, exhaled breath and sweat. Here on this blog, documenting my knowledge. Running and jumping are playtime. Your vet will take a sample to do a biopsy, and after that he will suggest surgery or radiation. If it turns out to be cancer, the solution is amputation of a limb. ", "acceptedAnswer": {"@type": "Answer", "text": "Cancer-causing viruses may spread from person to person, but the cancer does not. Mammary tumors are more common in female dogs, particularly in those that are not spayed but can sometimes occur in spayed females as well. This list will help you identify some of the more dangerous cancerous tumors. It doesnt mean a specific diet just good-quality food and getting your dog to a healthy body weight through activity and healthy food, Wilson-Robles says.There are also environmental toxins, some avoidable and some not, she says. Both the toe with the tumor and any affected lymph node(s) may be surgically removed or treated with radiation. WebThe dogs were classified into 3 groups according to spay status and spay time: intact dogs, dogs spayed less than 2 years before tumor surgery (SPAY 1), and dogs spayed more than 2 years before their tumor surgery (SPAY 2).